Citrus Canker Experimental and Observational Studies

 

Contents:

This page provides selected articles on citrus canker experiments. The focus was on controlled experiments where the distance of dispersal was assessed. Some articles are copyrighted by the American Phytopathological Society and available for purchase. These articles are not presented in this webpage.

Only those articles which are available to the public, free of charge are provided on this website. These articles are most relevant to Chapter 6 of my book.

In cases where the articles are not available in electronic form, the article has been scanned and the quality may be poor. I apologize to the authors for the poor quality however all articles are readable.

The differences in studies are as follows:

Experimental study: Some treatment is applied to the subject or object under study, then we observe the effect on this subject.

Observational study: Specific characteristics are observed and measured. There is no attempt to modify the subjects being studied.

The Florida field study is properly classified as a retroactive observational study in an unconfined area. It is retroactive because the discoveries of citrus canker occur months or even years after the actual infection events.

There was "modification of the subjects being observed" as owners could pick fruit, prune or remove trees. They would likely prune trees which had visible lesions. In Broward County, during the field study, the Department was actively destroying infected trees as they were discovered. Citrus trees were for sale in Broward County so owners could plant new trees during the study period.

Related Chapters: Chapter 3 and 6

Related websites:

International Society of Citriculture

American Phytopathological Society

Includes Phytopathology, Plant Disease, Plant Management Network journals.

Short Notes:

SN 3.2 Long Distance Transport by Hurricanes and Tornedoes

SN 6.4 Highlands study

Other relavent short notes are found in the short notes page.

 

Property of ACC- Resistance:

Stall, R.E. et al, 1982, Importance of Mesophyll in Mature-Leaf Resistance to Cancrosis of Citrus, Phytopathology.

Experiments in Canker Dispersal:

Bock, et al., 2010,Wind Speed Effects on Quantity of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Dispersed Downwind from Canopies of Grapefruit Trees Infected with Citrus Canker, Plant Disease.

Gottwald, T.R. et al, 1995, The Efficacy of Windbreaks in Reducing the Spread of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).

Bock, C.R. et al, 2005, Effects of Simulated Wind-Driven Rain on Duration and Distance of Dispersal of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from Canker-Infected Citrus Trees, Plant Disease.

Provost, O. et al, 2002, , Survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri in Leaf Lesions Under Tropical Environmental Conditions and Simulated Splash Dispersal of Inoculum.

Observational Studies:

*** FDACS used this paper as the technical support for the 125-ft rule.

Stall, et al, Population Dynamics of Xanthomonas Citri causing Cancrosis in Argentina, 1980, Proc. of State Horticulture Society

--- Supporting documents on the field study

Additional documents are provided on the Florida field study page.

Gottwald et al., The Citrus Canker Epidemic in Florida: The Scientific Basis of Regulatory Eradication Policy for an Invasive Species, Letter to the Editor, Phytopathology, January 2001.

Gottwald et al, Georeferenced Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Urban Citrus Canker Epidemic in Florida, Phytopathology, April 2002.

Control Experiments:

Scattolina, A.et al, 2007,Evaluation of citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) in lemon with and without copper sprays on new leaves before bloom, Agrociencia. (in Spanish)

Post CCEP Articles:

Gottwald, T.R., Bassanezi, B., Amorim, L, and Bergamin-Filho, A. 2001. Spatial pattern analysis of citrus canker-infected planting in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Augmentation of Infection Elicited by the Asian Leafminer, Phytopathology, 97:674-683.