Basic Biological Information

 

Worldwide distribution of Citrus Canker

CABI Fact Sheet on Citrus Canker

EPPO Datasheeet on Citrus Canker

 

 

Contents:

Citrus canker is a bacterial disease which requires wet conditions for it release from a lesion and later entry to citrus plants through the stomate cells on the leaves, fruit and twigs of citrus plants.

Although citrus canker has been studied by plant pathologists for at least a century, the biological knowledge of citrus canker is continually evolving. My book in Chapter 3 covered just the very basic and well established information on citrus canker. Certain topics such as microbiology and laboratory testing were beyond the scope of my book.

This webpage provides supporting documents on the biology of citrus canker. Also, more recent events are posted on this page.

Many excellent articles can be found through browsing the internet. It may be helpful to include the scientific name for citrus canker:

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

or Xac for short. Xanthomonas is a large genus of bacteria that cause disease in hundreds of plant hosts. It also has commercial value, as certain species produce polysaccarides (xanthum gums) used in food products including ice cream, salad dressing and sauces.

The Americn Phytopathology Society has excellent technical information on citrus canker, and many of the older articles are provided free of charge.

American Phytopathological Society

The University of Florida, IFAS extension , provides basic information on all important citrus diseases in Florida and the best management practices:

IFAS- Citrus Production Management Guide

IFAS - Citrus Problems in the Home Landscape

The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) also provides numerous information sources including published articles.

Citrus Pests and Diseases

Gottwald, T. R. and Graham, J. H., Citrus diseases with global ramifications including citrus canker and huanglongbing

Movement of Citrus Fruit from Quarantined Areas

EFSA Meeting with USDA/APHIS in 2013

California outbreak of Citrus Canker

The Asian Citrus Canker in California

Other links to outbreaks in Australia and Bahamas were from news reports, which were no longer active.

 

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

The bacterium is approximately 1 x 3 microns. The bacteria have a flagellum, tail-like structure used for movement.

 

Some of the epidemiology aspects, particularly spread of canker by miles resulting from a tropical storms is unsupported by scientific experimental studies as discussed in my book.